Endocrine Abstracts

Thyroid nodules are a common clinical finding, with an estimated prevalence of palpable thyroid nodules to be approximately 5% in women and 1% in men. The clinical importance of thyroid nodules rests with the need to exclude thyroid cancer. The prevalence of malignancy reported for palpable thyroid lesions ranges from 5.0% to 6.5%. Patients with benign thyroid nodules are unlikely to suffer morbidity or mortality due to thyroid cancer. A 53 aged man presented with a 20-year hi...

The analogues of GLP-1(aGLP1) are a new class of anti-diabetic agents, administered subcutaneously for the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (DM2). In the Portuguese market, there are two aGLP1 currently available: Liraglutide (once-daily administration) and Exenatide (once-weekly administration). They mimic the GLP-1, produced in the small intestine, stimulated by foods at this region, increasing the production of insulin, decreasing the satiety and slowing gastric emptyi...

Introduction: Spontaneous fertility in Turner syndrome (TS) is rare, due to low or absent ovarian reserve. A greater number of ovarian follicules is present in the cases of gonadal mosaicism, although the accelerated pace of apoptosis remains. Thus, the early referral to reproductive counseling is advisable, ideally soon after diagnosis. The criopreservation of oocytes is one of the options for fertility preservation. The authors present a series of 7 patients with TS admitted...

Introduction: Gastroparesis associated with diabetic autonomic neuropathy is an underdiagnosed complication, although relatively common in diabetes. It is more prevalent in type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM1) with more than ten years of disease and especially in patients with poor metabolic control.Clinical case: Female, 37 years old, DM1 with 17 years of evolution with poor metabolic control (HbA1c 9.3%) and several microvascular complications such as prolif...

Introduction: Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) is a clinical condition characterized by the presence of autoantibodies to insulin or insulin receptors in patients not previously treated with insulin. This syndrome has been reported mainly in Asia, and it is a rare cause of hypoglycemia in Caucasians. So far there are no reports of IAS in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus never treated with insulin.Case report: The authors describe a 59-year-old Cau...

Background: Obesity is related to an increased cardiovascular risk, namely coronary heart disease risk (CHDr). Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is frequently associated with obesity and, by itself, is an important CHDr factor. Interventions that induce weight loss would be expected to attenuate CHDr in obese patients.Aims: To evaluate variation in cardiovascular risk profile one year after adjustable gastric banding (AGB), in obese patients (with and without T2D); ...

Ectopic ACTH secretion due to malignant tumours is a rare cause of hypercortisolism. Induced metabolic disturbances are often serious and the management of such patients may be difficult. We report the case of a 50-yr-old man who had a sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) removed 2 years ago (Dec/2003). Calcitonin and CEA levels remained high postoperatively and a CT scan revealed liver metastases. In August 2005 he was referred to Endocrinology with symptoms of muscular...

Background: Fungal infections are a rare cause of primary adrenal insufficiency, raising difficulties in the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.Case report: A 56 years old diabetic male, who lived in Guinea in 1968, was referred to our inpatients clinic because of a 7,7x3 cm adrenal incidentaloma. He presented with hyperpigmentation, postural symptoms, weakness, fatigue, anorexia and weight loss.The rapid ACTH stimulation test h...

Background: Gastric Bypass surgery (Bypass) is recognized as the ultimate metabolic surgery. The success in type 2 Diabetes (DM2) remission documented in patients submitted to Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy (Sleeve) made questionable the hypothesis that this restrictive surgery has beneficial metabolic effects.Main goal: Comparing the Bypass and Sleeve’s efficacy in DM2 remission.Methods: Retrospective study of 112 diabetic patie...

Introduction: Primary Hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is a calcium metabolism disease, resulting from one or more parathyroid glands hyperfunction. Ultrasonography and Technetium Sestamibi are, nowadays, the first line imaging techniques for diagnosis. Recently, a 4-dimensional computed tomography (4D-TC) protocol has emerged, presented in the last endocrine surgery guidelines. It is a dynamic imaging exam based on the parathyroid contrast uptake pattern, whose sensitivity and spec...